… the effect of female sexual hormones on intestinal and serum cytokines following traumatic
… observed a differential response in the levels of intestinal and serum cytokines. Although the …

… modulates immune function through cytokine production, cell … the effects of sex and
gender on the function of the gut … Since the gut mucosa is a site of interaction between the gut …

… induced by trauma or intestinal ischemia (4). In addition, … cytokine release and splenocyte
immune responses after trauma… , have the capacity to lower serum prolactin levels (54, 109). …

… Hormones and inflammatory mediators such as cytokines … apoptosis and intestinal permeability
following oxidant injury. … ) induced an increase in serum testosterone levels in male rats…

… The secondary rise in estradiol parallels the rise of serum … number of women, GI symptoms
emerge for the first time after … production of proinflammatory cytokines in experimental colitis[…

… following keywords: irritable bowel syndrome, sex, gender, … compared to 25 controls,
serum and free testosterone were … cell activation and proliferation and cytokine production[203-…

… IL-6, TNF-α, and MIP-2, since proinflammatory cytokines and … to hypoxia plus acidosis
was related to sex hormones, we … gender differences in the intestinal inflammatory response, …

… Not only do hormones from the gastrointestinal tract that participate in digestion regulate the
… After hepatectomy, the Kupffer cells release TNF-α and IL-6. Increasing their serum levels …

… correlated with gender-specific differences in the composition of the … After providing a brief
background on the synthesis and … (TLRs) and proinflammatory cytokines but also suppresses …

… Since reproductive hormones have been shown to modulate … GC stimulation by measuring
their IL-8 and IL-6 response. … than the target serum level for transgender women. As seen in …