… Genes encoding bacterial exotoxins are frequently carried in bacteria by bacteriophages (4,
19). Phage-encoded exotoxins such … flow in aquatic ecosystems, p. 412-423. In MJ Klug and …

… As described below, the phage-encoded genes for Shiga toxin … Widespread occurrence of
phage-encoded exotoxin genes in terrestrial and aquatic environments in Southern California…

… of phage-encoded exotoxin genes in the environment, it was … virulence genes are widespread
in aquatic and terrestrial … terrestrial environment, the oligotrophic aquatic environment …

… San Diego, California. The canine fecal bacteria carrying the stx … gene transfer of exotoxin
genes in recreational waters. … in aquatic environments [33–37] and genetic exchange between …

… phage-encoded virulence genes may be stable in the natural … Widespread occurrence of
phage-encoded exotoxin genes in terrestrial and aquatic environments in Southern California. …

Metagenomic analyses suggest that the rank–abundance curve for marine phage communities
follows a power law distribution. A new type of power law dependence based on a …

… Phage-encoded exotoxins apparently have evolved for the purpose of bacterial antipredator
defense. These exotoxins … Bacteriophages often bear genes encoding exotoxins (eg, Shiga …

… fraction vary widely in aquatic environments (0.7 to 82%), and … induction mechanisms may
exist in terrestrial ecosystems. … bacteria, such as exotoxins, that are phage encoded (7, 8). …

… Phage-encoded exotoxins, such as cholera toxin, diphtheria toxin, and Shiga toxin (Stx), …
, California, stx-carrying phages were isolated from terrestrial and aquatic environments …

… Clearly, the widespread occurrence of nearly identical … phage-encoded genes, can travel
between environments. … were mixed with microbes from marine environments. The viruses from …