… Bacteriophages also represent the reservoir of the highest known genetic diversity making
… extreme arid environments. However, the saline site was atypical of marine environments, …

… 14] the frequency of occurrence of the genes encoding any particular exotoxin gene in phage
far … the current understanding of how phage-encoded factors may regulate the severity and …

… faecalis residing in the intestine secretes an exotoxin that … Arthropods are the largest
group of terrestrial animals. Like … Phage-encoded ANKp suppresses inflammatory cytokine …

… cells but affect it through the exotoxins they produce (Clostridium botulinum, … genes, toxicity
genes, or lysogenicity modules responsible for integrating phage DNA into bacterial genetic …

… The Death Valley, California, sample set presented the … Widespread occurrence of phage
– encoded exotoxin genes in terrestrial and aquatic environments in Southern California …

Viruses are the most abundant and diverse life form on Earth. In Chapter 1 of this dissertation,
a global census of the number of viral particles showed that 6.03 x 1031 viral particles are …

… These are members of the CA clan of papain-like proteases. Other C10 proteases include
the important virulence factors Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SpeB) from Streptococcus …

… pyogenes (erythrogenic, scarlatinal exotoxins), and Vibrio cholera (Cholera toxin) [71], which
are all phage encoded. In … Ponds also tend to have a higher terrestrial-aquatic interchange …

… We will now investigate these phage-encoded virulence genes in greater detail. … cells led
to the production of the phageencoded streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin SpeC, Spd1, and a …

… source tracking in a small southern California urban watershed indicates wild animals and
… 666 water, using the STII toxin gene from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Appl. Microbiol. …