… force for speciation and adaptive evolution, and plays an … of new genes on species
differentiation and adaptation to extreme … This new newborn gene is widely fixed in populations of …

… few organisms are able to adapt to cave life, the … At the same time, we wish to note that,
because different alleles become fixed in different cave populations, the total range of genetic …

… Instead of using any fixed value, it would be nice if we have an adaptive strategy to set and
… To identify the benefit of parameter adaptation using Lévy distribution, which is the other …

… variation can promote population adaptation when environmental changes occur (Paaby …
The genomic basis of adaptive evolution in threespine sticklebacks. Nature, 484(7392), 55–61. …

… Orr HA (1998) The population genetics of adaptation: The distribution of factors fixed
during adaptive evolution. Evolution 52(4):935-949. 22. …

… distribution and diversity in nature. In the following chapters, I describe the fundamental ideas
behind population genetic … result of fixed mutations, ie substitutions accumulating over time …

… Adaptation is a response to selection that requires genetically based phenotypic diversity;
without such diversity evolutionary … an attractive model for adaptive evolution in salmonids. For …

… , as noted above, G is fixed for a PGM2 allele that occurs at low fre- … degree of among-population
genetic diversity, almost certainly a … Adaptive radiation and genetic differentiation in the …

… to adapt to … fixed throughout the evolutionary process. In order to determine if the maximum
length of the chromosome is a significant factor in determining the quality of the evolutionary …

… edusa, parapatrically distributed in southern Europe, … fixed differences at four allozyme
markers. We sampled these allozymes in a 28-population transect north of Genoa in Italy, through …