鴉片類藥物是臨床處理中重度疼痛, 最有效也最被廣泛使用的藥物. 然而長期使用鴉片類藥物
止痛卻也會伴隨產生藥物的耐受性. 脊椎管內鴉片類藥物投與將藥物直接送至中樞神經產生藥效 …

Opioid analgesics remain the most effective and widely used analgesics for the
management of moderate to severe pain. However, the efficacy of long-term opioid …

類鴉片物質主要作用於大腦與脊髓神經之μ, δ, 和к 鴉片接受器而產生止痛作用. 當耐受性產生時,
其藥效會減弱或喪失, 此時可觀察到其劑量-反應曲線向右位移. 至於此類藥物耐受性的形成機轉 …

前言: 矛盾性類鴉片誘發疼痛是一種少見的疼痛過度或疼痛敏感, 可在人類或動物經長期使用或
注射嗎啡後引起. 膽囊收縮素 (CCK) 是一種內源性抗類鴉片胜肽物質, 且被認為參與以上的現象 …

Tolerance to the analgesic effect of an opioid is a pharmacological phenomenon that occurs
after its prolonged administration. Activation of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) has been …

Background: Repeated administration of morphine leads to characteristic tolerance. We
tested the effects of intrathecal oxcarbazepine (OXC) on spinal morphine tolerance in rats …

ABSTRACT Purpose of Review: One of the vital functions of the nervous system is to provide
information about the threat of injury. The sensation of pain by its inherent aversive nature …

IMPLICATIONS: Chronic morphine administration via intermittent lumbar puncture in rats
induced analgesic tolerance while avoiding catheter-associated morbidity. This novel …

Two papers in this issue provide new information concerning the factors that contribute to
and the mechanisms that underlie the development of opioid tolerance. In the first study …

Long-term use of opioid analgesics is limited by tolerance development and undesirable
adverse effects. Paradoxically, spinal administration of ultra-low-dose (ULD) G-protein …