Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can reinvigorate T cells and
activate the immune system to eliminate cancer cells. Head and neck squamous cell …

BACKGROUND The outcomes of patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell
carcinoma (HNSCC) who are not candidates for local salvage therapy and of those …

The emergence of immunotherapy has provided significant clinical improvements in the
treatment of metastatic solid tumors. Recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell …

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed antitumor activity for
recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). However …

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6th most common cancer
globally and commonly presents with locally advanced disease, which has a recurrence rate …

Starting in 2014, large phase III clinical trials began to disclose the study results of using
programmed death (PD)-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)(pembrolizumab, nivolumab) …

Checkpoint inhibitors have recently gained FDA approval for the treatment of cisplatin-
resistant recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by …

Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most frequent
malignancy worldwide. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-CTLA-4 anti …

Over the past years immuno-oncology has evolved and become a novel promising strategy
for cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab …

With the understanding of the complex interaction between the tumour microenvironment
and immunotherapy, there is increasing interest in the role of immune regulators in the …