Background The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has resulted in
significant survival benefits in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with a poor prognosis.
Despite aggressive treatment, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival are …

The treatment of lung cancer has changed drastically in recent years owing to the advent of
immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A 1992 study reported that programmed cell death-1 …

Immunotherapy aims to amplify the anticancer immune response through reactivation of the
lymphocytic response raised against several tumor neo-antigens. To obtain an effective …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, mainly drugs targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-
1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) …

Lung cancer, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the major type, is the second
most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death globally …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have come to play an increasingly prominent role in the
treatment of lung cancer, and some are recommended as a first-line treatment for late-stage …

In addition to surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, immunotherapy
has emerged as a standard pillar of cancer treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) …

New ways of exploiting the immune system for cancer treatment have been tested for
decades with moderate outcomes. Based on previous immunotherapy knowledge, agents …

Abstract Background: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most prevalent
malignancies globally, accounting for 85% of lung cancer cases. The rapid advancements in …