… 量表(the Invalidating Childhood Environment Scale,ICES)[6],… 然而,研究发现,在非临床样本中
ICES 的心理测量特 性并不理想[… (PIES):Development and psychometric properties of a novel …

… to predict personality disorder symptomatology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26(2),
203-212. … and connects personality development during childhood and adolescence with adult …