Introduction Although family members of incapacitated, critically ill patients often struggle in
the role of surrogate decision maker, there are no low-cost, easily-scaled interventions to …

Background Surrogate decision makers for incapacitated, critically ill patients often struggle
with decisions related to goals of care. Such decisions cause psychological distress in …

Background Communication problems between family surrogates and intensive care unit
(ICU) clinicians have been documented, but few interventions are effective. Nurses have the …

Background A better understanding of the perceptions of family members in making
surrogate decisions for loved ones during intensive care is needed to inform the …

Purpose Although surrogate decision-making (SDM) is prevalent in intensive care units
(ICUs) and concerns with decision quality are well documented, little is known about how …

Background Problems persist with surrogate decision making in intensive care units, leading
to distress for surrogates and treatment that may not reflect patients' values. Objectives To …

Rationale: Breakdowns in clinician–family communication in intensive care units (ICUs) are
common, yet there are no easily scaled interventions to prevent this problem. Objectives: To …

BACKGROUND Although numerous studies have addressed external factors associated
with difficulty in surrogate decision making, intrapersonal sources of tension are an …

Objectives: Participating in a decision to limit life support for a loved one in the ICU is
associated with adverse mental health consequences for surrogate decision makers. We …

Background Caring for an adult with chronic critical illness is a difficult undertaking. Family
surrogates are tasked with decision-making on behalf of their loved one, particularly during …