Objective: Surrogate decision makers for critically ill patients experience strong negative
emotional states. Emotions influence risk perception, risk preferences, and decision making …

Surrogate decision makers for patients receiving care in an intensive care unit (ICU) often
suffer from stress-related psychological maladies (1–3). These painful outcomes are often …

Critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients are frequently unable to participate in clinical
decision making, such that family members often become substitute decision makers …

Abstract Treatment decisions should be based on patients' goals of care to provide an
ethical, patient-centered framework for decision making. The purpose of this study is to …

Background: Critically ill adult patients who face medical decisions often delegate others to
make important decisions. Those who are authorized to make such decisions are typically …

Family meetings to establish care goals for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are
inherently challenging due to asymmetries of information between physicians and families …

Background: Treatment decisions commonly have to be made in intensive care units (ICUs).
These decisions are difficult for surrogate decision makers and often lead to decisional …

Objectives: To determine whether ICU surrogates with “insecure” psychologic attachment
orientations are more prone to requesting tracheostomy and gastrostomy (ie, life-sustaining …

Objective Many patients go through periods when they are too ill to give consent or to
participate in decisions. When this occurs, patient autonomy is best maintained when a …

Importance Little is known about whether clinicians and surrogate decision makers follow
recommended strategies for shared decision making by incorporating intensive care unit …