努力(Effort) 与奖赏系统关系密切. 当前关于努力在奖赏加工中的作用存在两个截然相反的观点:
努力是一种成本还是一种奖赏? 理论模型包括: 其一, 努力是一种成本, 会降低奖赏的价值 …

Effort plays a critical role in reward processing, which has been couched within two
contradictory theories regarding effort as either a cost or a reward. On the one hand, effort is …

Neuroscientific studies reliably demonstrate that rewards play a crucial role in guiding our
choices when confronted with different effortful actions we could make. At the same time …

Previous studies have established that effort can either decrease reward value as a cost or
increase reward value as an augmenter, which is referred to as the effort paradox. The …

在奖励对创造力的影响的问题上, 相关研究一直存在很大争议. 在系统分析以往研究的基础上,
认为奖励既可以促进创造力也可以阻碍创造力, 这取决于对奖励的界定及对创造力的理解 …

Past psychological theory and research suggest two opposing relationships between effort
and reward valuation. Cognitive dissonance theory and research suggest that increased …

The present research tested the effect of manipulated perceived control (over obtaining the
outcomes) and effort on reward valuation using the event‐related potential known as the …

According to prominent models in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and economics,
effort (be it physical or mental) is costly: when given a choice, humans and non-human …

Effort is valuable, but researchers have different opinions on whether effort can reduce or
increase the valuation of rewards. The effect of cooperation on reward valuation also …

Effort expenditure not only prospectively discounts the reward associated with it but also
retrospectively adds the subjective value of reward, which is known as the effort paradox …