Crosssectional studies serve many purposes, and the crosssectional design is the most
relevant design when assessing the prevalence of disease, attitudes and knowledge among …

OBJECTIVE: The case-cohort design combines the advantages of a prospective cohort
study and the efficiency of a case–control design. Usually a Cox proportional-hazards model …

This paper argues that the use of the odds ratio parameter in epidemiology needs to be
considered with a view to the specific study design and the types of exposure and disease …

PURPOSE: To systematically review observational studies on medical interventions to
determine the quality of reporting of confounding. METHODS: Articles on observational …

Background Research on the impact of changes in healthcare policy, developments in
community and public health and determinants of health and disease during lifetime may …

Participation rates for epidemiologic studies have been declining during the past 30 years
with even steeper declines in recent years. This wholesale decrease in participation rate, or …

Prospective and retrospective cohorts and case-control studies are some of the most
important study designs in epidemiology because, under certain assumptions, they can …

Preterm delivery is a powerful predictor of newborn morbidity and mortality. Such problems
are due to not only immaturity but also the pathologic factors (such as infection) that cause …

Background There is little empirical evidence regarding the generalisability of relative risk
estimates from studies which have relatively low response rates or are of limited …

Objective Non-response is unavoidable in longitudinal surveys. The consequences are
lower statistical power and the potential for bias. We implemented a systematic data-driven …