This Atlas chapter summarizes sex-and some gender-associated, and unique aspects and
manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. CVD is the primary cause of …

This chapter summarizes the sex-and gender-specific diagnosis and treatment of
acute/unstable presentations and nacute/stable presentations of cardiovascular disease in …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of premature death for women in
Canada. 1 Although it has long been recognized that estrogen impacts vascular responses …

Increasing evidence suggests that there are significant differences in the presentation,
diagnosis and treatment of ischemic heart disease in women compared to men. Women …

Women have unique sex-and gender-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)
that can present or evolve over their lifespan. Pregnancy-associated conditions, polycystic …

Over the past decade, an emerging clinical research focus on cardiovascular (CV) disease
(CVD) risk in women has highlighted sex-specific factors that are uniquely important in the …

■ ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease is responsible for more deaths in women each year
than all other causes combined. Women have different cardiac presentations than men and …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in women. Pathophysiology,
risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes of coronary artery disease (CAD) differ in …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women remains under-diagnosed and undertreated due to
the diagnostic challenge it presents, as well as the persisting attitude that CVD …

For many years the significance of heart disease in women was vastly underappreciated,
and women were significantly underrepresented in cardiovascular clinical research. We now …