The impact of exercise training on the neuroendocrine control of the pituitary in the
developing child is complex and the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Multiple …

Purpose Female athletes are known to be at risk for reproductive dysfunction and
osteopenia because of energy deficiency. Although endocrine balance and an optimal body …

Intensive physical training and participation in competitive sports during childhood and early
adolescence may affect athletes' pubertal development. On the other hand, pubertal timing …

Objective Strenuous training commonly results in amenorrhoea, which contributes to bone
loss in some female collegiate athletes. However, the impact of athletic training on …

The study of hormonal alterations due to exercise is of growing interest because of the
implications for adaptation, performance, and health. The influence of the sympathoadrenal …

Few longitudinal studies have investigated the effects of amenorrhea and amenorrhea plus
exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) of young women. We carried out a 2-yr comparison …

Clinical or biochemical abnormalities of gonadal function, consisting of delayed puberty,
luteal phase deficiency, oligo-amenorrhea or anovulation, occur in girls and women …

Maintaining low body weight for the sake of performance and aesthetic purposes is a
common feature among young girls and women who exercise on a regular basis, including …

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diurnal pattern of testosterone and pituitary
hormones in endurance female athletes with different types of menstrual disorder. Age-and …

Purpose Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea secondary to low weight, excessive exercise,
and/or high levels of stress is common among young women. Adolescence is a time in …