The stele concept is one of the oldest enduring concepts in plant biology. Here, I review the
history of the concept and build an argument for an updated view of steles and their …

The control of primary vascular tissue differentiation by auxin produced by the shoot apex
ranks among the better known hormone signaling systems in vascular plants. Surprisingly …

Periderm is a wellknown structural feature with vital roles in protection of inner plant tissues
and wound healing. Despite its importance to plant survival, knowledge of periderm …

This paper deals primarily with the morphology, anatomy, and evolution of the eustele in
seed plants. Introductory sections treat stelar terminology, problems of representation and …

Reticulate tissue systems exist in most multicellular organisms, and the principles underlying
the formation of cellular networks have fascinated philosophers, mathematicians, and …

Extant vascular plants comprise three major lineages: Lycophytina, Moniliformopses and
Spermatophytata. We have investigated the evolution of body plans of vascular plants using …

Over centuries of plant morphological research, biologists have enthusiastically explored
how distinct vascular arrangements have diversified. These investigations have focused on …

The concept of the meristem was introduced in 1858 to characterize multicellular, formative,
and proliferative tissues that give rise to the entire plant body, based on observations of …

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) functions to generate external architecture and internal
tissue pattern as well as to maintain a self-perpetuating population of stem-cell-like cells …

Plant vasculature consists of two major conductive cell types, xylem tracheary elements and
phloem sieve elements (SEs). Both cell types undergo a highly specialized differentiation …