Drug addiction has been conceptualized as maladaptive recruitment of integrative circuits
coursing through the striatum, facilitating drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior. The aim of …

Background Dopaminergic activity within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) has been
implicated in the control of cognitive flexibility. Much of the evidence for a causative …

Serotonin modulates diverse brain functions. Beyond its clinical antidepressant effects, it
improves motor performance, learning and memory formation. These effects might at least …

Rationale In nicotine-dependent subjects, cues related to smoking elicit activity in brain
regions linked to attention, memory, emotion and motivation. Cue-induced brain activation is …

Dopamine is a key neuromodulator of neuroplasticity and an important neuronal substrate of
learning, and memory formation, which critically involves glutamatergic N-methyl-D …

Several studies in different in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated neuroprotective
effects of nicotinic receptor agonists and indirect trophic actions of nicotine on brain are …

BACKGROUND: Modulation of the serotonergic system affects long-term potentiation (LTP)
and long-term depression (LTD), the likely neurophysiologic derivates of learning and …

Drug-induced changes in synaptic strength are hypothesized to contribute to appetitive
behavior and addiction. Nicotine, the major addictive substance in tobacco, activates …

Nicotine is a major psychoactive and addictive component of tobacco. Although cessation of
tobacco use produces various somatic and affective symptoms, withdrawal-related cognitive …

The dopamine (DA) system of the ventral midbrain plays a critical role as mammals learn
adaptive behaviors driven by environmental salience and reward. Addictive drugs, including …