Background Affective temperaments are presumed to underlie bipolar psychopathology. The
TEMPS-A has been widely used to assess affective temperaments in clinical and non …

BACKGROUND: Although the cyclothymic temperament appears to be related to the familial
diathesis of bipolar disorder, exhibiting high sensitivity for bipolar II (BP-II) disorder, it is …

Background Prodromal symptoms prior to first episode mania/hypomania have been
reported. However, the relationship between temperament and manic/hypomanic prodromal …

There is increased recognition that bipolar disorder has an early age of onset. The
prevalence of bipolar disorder in prepubertal children has not been determined, however …

Considerable debate exists regarding the continuity of bipolar disorder (BD) in children and
adolescents. Do affected children continue to have BD as adults? Are pediatric forms of BD …

Aberrations in neurodevelopmental trajectories have been implicated in the neurobiology of
several mental disorders and evidence indicates a pathophysiological and genetic overlap …

Most life stress literature in bipolar disorder (BD) fails to account for the possibility of a
changing relationship between psychosocial context and episode initiation across the …

Background: Childhood bipolar disorder remains a controversial but increasingly diagnosed
disorder that is associated with significant impairment, chronic course and treatment …

Evidence of a high or increasing incidence of childhood onset bipolar disorder in the United
States (US) has been viewed skeptically. Here we review evidence that childhood onsets of …