Recent studies have demonstrated that the renal (pro)renin receptor (PRR) regulates expression of the alpha subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (α-ENaC). In this study we hypothesized that the renal PRR mediates high fat diet (HFD)-induced sodium retention and elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) by enhancing expression of the epithelial sodium channel (α-ENaC). In our study we used a recently developed inducible nephron specific PRR knockout mouse. Mice (n = 6 each group) were allocated to receive regular diet (RD, 12 kcal% fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 45 kcal% fat) for 10 weeks. Body weight (BW), SBP, urine volume (UV) and urine sodium (U_NaV), as well as renal interstitial Angiotensin II (Ang II), and renal medullary expression of PRR, p-SGK-1, α-ENaC were monitored in RD and HFD mice with or without PRR knockout. At baseline, there were no significant differences in BW, BP, UV or U_NaV between different animal groups. At the end of the study, HFD mice had significant increases in SBP, BW, and significant reductions in UV and U_NaV. Compared to RD, HFD significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of PRR, α-ENaC, p-SGK-1, and Ang II. Compared to HFD alone, PRR knockout mice on HFD had reduced mRNA and protein expression of PRR, p-SGK-1, and α-ENaC, as well as increased UV, U_NaV and significantly reduced SBP. RIF Ang II was significantly increased by HFD and did not change in response to PRR knockout. We conclude that obesity induced sodium retention and elevated SBP are mediated by the PRR-SGK-1- α-ENaC pathway independent of Ang II.