Nafion‑tungsten oxide hybrid membranes,[Nafion/(WO 3) x], with varying loading levels of
WO 3 nanofiller (x= 0, 0.024, 0.329) are prepared and investigated as candidates for
application as solid electrolytes in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The thermal
properties of [Nafion/(WO 3) x] hybrid membranes are probed both by high-resolution
thermogravimetric analysis (HR-TGA) and by modulated differential scanning calorimetry
(MDSC). Vibrational spectroscopy studies are carried out by:(i) Attenuated Total Reflectance …