… β-agonist and anticholinergic bronchodilator use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)… used to evaluate the risk for COPD hospitalizations, respiratory mortality, …

… β 2 -receptor agonists or full β-agonists. Partial β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists in the presence
of a full β-agonist may act as a β 2 -antagonist ( Lipworth and Grove, 1997 ). In fact, a partial …

… -adrenergic blockers (β-blockers) and beta-adrenergic agonists (β-agonists) has undergone
… of β-blockers and β-agonists in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)…

… for the management of COPD. Short-acting β 2 -agonists, such as albuterol, have a more …
β 2 -agonist bronchodilators are additive, providing greater efficacy than either agent alone. …

… bronchodilators are the standard of care in COPD patients. Short-acting inhaled bronchodilators
(short-acting β 2 -agonists … -acting inhaled bronchodilators (long-acting β 2 -agonists […

… are the mainstay of the current management of all stages of COPD. … to treat all COPD patients
with long-acting bronchodilators? Is it better to start treatment with a β 2 -agonist or with an …

… β 2 -agonists are widely used in the management of COPD, either alone or in combination
with other bronchodilators, corticosteroids, or both. Short-acting β 2 -agonists (SABAs) were …

… COPD guidelines include bronchodilator therapy as the primary treatment in COPD without
… However, treatment trials in COPD show greater benefit in symptom control and lung …

… for bronchodilator use in asthma and COPD. Whereas β 2 -agonist bronchodilators are …
” in asthma management, regular bronchodilator therapy with an anticholinergic drug or β 2 -…

… the effect of short‐acting beta‐2 bronchodilators given by inhalation in stable COPD. … the
great number of COPD patients currently being treated with beta‐2 agonist bronchodilators, we …