A comparison of 'cough and cold'and pneumonia: risk factors for pneumonia in children under 5 years revisited
Z Fatmi, F White - International journal of infectious diseases, 2002 - Elsevier
Z Fatmi, F White
International journal of infectious diseases, 2002•ElsevierObjectives: The aim of this study was to identify and measure the risk factors differentiating
upper respiratory infection from pneumonia. Methods: The World Health Organization's
acute respiratory infection case management criteria were used. We studied 259 cases of
pneumonia (cases) and 187 cases of 'cough and cold'(controls) among children under 5
years of age at a large tertiary-care hospital in Gilgit, Pakistan. While previous studies used
healthy controls, in this study we used controls who had mild infection ('cough and cold') …
upper respiratory infection from pneumonia. Methods: The World Health Organization's
acute respiratory infection case management criteria were used. We studied 259 cases of
pneumonia (cases) and 187 cases of 'cough and cold'(controls) among children under 5
years of age at a large tertiary-care hospital in Gilgit, Pakistan. While previous studies used
healthy controls, in this study we used controls who had mild infection ('cough and cold') …
Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify and measure the risk factors differentiating upper respiratory infection from pneumonia.
Methods
The World Health Organization's acute respiratory infection case management criteria were used. We studied 259 cases of pneumonia (cases) and 187 cases of ‘cough and cold’ (controls) among children under 5 years of age at a large tertiary-care hospital in Gilgit, Pakistan. While previous studies used healthy controls, in this study we used controls who had mild infection (‘cough and cold’).
Results
In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, lack of immunization (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.54, 95% CI 1.0, 2.3), previous history of pneumonia (AOR=1.77, 95% CI 1.16, 2.7), younger age (AOR for each preceding month in children aged up to 59 months=1.01, 95% CI 0.99,1.03) and malnutrition (wasting) (AOR=2.2, 95% Cl 1.0, 5.23) were revealed as important risk factors for pneumonia.
Conclusions
Some of the factors reported in previous studies that used healthy controls were not found to be significant when ‘cough and cold’ children were used as controls. Nonetheless, malnutrition, younger age, low coverage of immunization and also early childhood mismanagement and respiratory damage were found to be significant factors for development of pneumonia.
Elsevier
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