Examines the research literature on the links between retirement and physical and psychological health. This synthesis characterizes the complexity of the relationship between retirement and health; points out potential gender differences in the nature, experiences, and implications of retirement; and develops a life course model of the pathways through occupational career and retirement leading to health. Such a life course model suggests a research agenda that can produce important in insights on the dynamics and consequences of the retirement transition, including the mechanisms and conditions linking withdrawal from employment to changes in health and well-being.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)