A multifunction dense array system with reconfigurable depth of penetration

MC Smith, A Li, DF Sievenpiper - IEEE Journal of …, 2020 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine …, 2020ieeexplore.ieee.org
Noninvasive neuromodulation techniques such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation are
enabled by electromagnetic induction with applications in neuroscience research and the
treatment of neurological disorders. Current systems are effective but research continues on
improving key performance metrics such as precise targeting, focality, and depth of
penetration. Additional functions are also being studied; tunable excitation field patterning,
reconfigurable depth of penetration, multiple excitation sites, power efficient waveforms and …
Noninvasive neuromodulation techniques such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation are enabled by electromagnetic induction with applications in neuroscience research and the treatment of neurological disorders. Current systems are effective but research continues on improving key performance metrics such as precise targeting, focality, and depth of penetration. Additional functions are also being studied; tunable excitation field patterning, reconfigurable depth of penetration, multiple excitation sites, power efficient waveforms and reduced extraneous excitation. Multichannel, multi-coil arrays show promise in achieving many of these parameters in one multifunctional array as opposed to the single-function commercial coils (circular, figure-8 or H coil) being used today. As such, our central focus is to determine whether multifunction dense arrays, despite their many challenges, are a tractable technical approach for future neuromodulation systems. Therefore, the results in this paper are twofold. First, we report the design, fabrication and demonstration of a scalable multichannel (12 channels) or multifunction dense array system to assess the potential to perform these functions in one system. Second, we demonstrate that the depth of penetration of the magnetic field can be reconfigured by varying current magnitude and phase of the smaller coil diameters in the array to achieve the same decay profile performance of a larger diameter coil. Only simulations exist in the literature to date, to the best of our knowledge, we report the first measurements of hexagonal shaped coils in multi-coil arrays have increased depth of penetration over circular shaped coil-based arrays.
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