Monitoring of renal graft status through peripheral blood (PB) rather than invasive biopsy is
important as it will lessen the risk of infection and other stresses, while reducing the costs of
rejection diagnosis. Blood gene biomarker panels were discovered by microarrays at a
single center and subsequently validated and cross-validated by QPCR in the NIH SNSO1
randomized study from 12 US pediatric transplant programs. A total of 367 unique human
PB samples, each paired with a graft biopsy for centralized, blinded phenotype …