We present a continuum damage model for the temperature dependent creep response of
polycrystalline ice under a multiaxial state of stress, suited for ice in polar regions. The
proposed model is based on a thermo-viscoelastic constitutive law for ice creep and a local
orthotropic damage accumulation law for tension, compression and shear loadings.
Orthotropic damage is represented by a symmetric second-order damage tensor and its
effect on creep is incorporated through the effective stress concept. The unknown model …