The substantial influence of microbes on crop growth, stress resilience, and ecological
restoration has generated considerable interest due to the intricate interplay between these
microorganisms and plants. This study comprehensively examines the diverse mechanisms
through which microorganisms contribute to plant well-being, mitigate stress, and facilitate
phytoremediation processes. Microorganisms encompassing bacteria, fungi, archaea, and
viruses, have demonstrated their knack for stirring up growth-enabling hormones, activating …