As the main building materials for highway construction, asphalt and asphalt mixture will release large quantities of highly hazardous fume at high temperatures. Due to possible genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity, asphalt fumes present not only a threat to human and animal health but also cause serious environmental degradation. To provide pollution control of asphalt pavement production and technical support for environmentally-friendly transportation construction, existing study chiefly considers asphalt fume hazards, composition analysis, fume suppression and post-purification. This study aims to provide a new perspective and direction for the relevant academic study on asphalt fume suppression and purification. At present, the main deficiencies in the research are: 1) instant on-site detection of asphalt fume is weak, 2) lack of study on diffusion of asphalt fume, 3) a weak theoretical understanding of asphalt fume production and composition, 4) the absence of a working mechanism and directionality of fume suppressants, and 5) little study on the portable asphalt fume collection and purification equipment.