For a transportation infrastructure to be resilient in the face of a disaster, the responsible personnel must understand the relationship between pre-event investments and post-event recovery success. The current literature provides few comprehensive lists of factors that affect the investment decision-making process for the transportation infrastructure system. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the impacts of involving responsible personnel in making investment decisions related to transportation infrastructure. To fulfill the aim of this study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, and a survey was developed. The survey was distributed, and the responses were collected and analyzed. The findings showed that the perceptions of resilient transportation infrastructure differ significantly based on the personnel involved in the investment decision-making process. For example, the involvement of transportation experts facilitates the appropriate distribution of the available funding to new projects and resilience enhancement activities of existing projects. This paper will help practitioners and researchers gain an in-depth knowledge of the factors that affect the resilient investment decision-making process.