Conventional strategies for cancer treatment are close to their efficiency limits. Meanwhile, rapid development of experimental immunology and immunotherapy led to first successful experiences in antitumor vaccination. Over last decade, remarkable results were obtained by means of anticancer vaccination being implemented into clinical settings thus causing popularity and growth of interest to tumor-specific DNA vaccines. In this review, we discuss basic principles of a DNA vaccine construction, their structural characteristics and diversity, mechanisms of their biological action, pharmaceutical forms and delivery routes into the body.