Climate change–induced disasters and anthropogenic influences are making the ecological environment vulnerable. Thus, assessment of ecological vulnerability and risk is essential for devising suitable adaptation and management strategies. The paper makes a concerted effort to analyze flood-induced ecological vulnerability and risk using site-specific parameters in Bhagirathi sub-basin of India. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to assign weightage to the selected parameters. Association of parameters with vulnerability was examined through multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that most of the area in eastern, central, and deltaic sub-basin was found under high vulnerability and risk. Disturbance index, rainfall, temperature, SAVI, vegetation type, low biological richness, slope, and NDVI identified the potent factors for high vulnerability to flood, while high inundation was the prime determinant for very high flood risk in the study area. Evaluated findings may be helpful in prioritizing the areas for ecological restoration and conservation.