Background: Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead are associated with cardiovascular
disease in epidemiologic research. These associations may be mediated by direct effects of
the metals on blood pressure (BP) elevation. Manganese is associated with cardiovascular
dysfunction and hypotension in occupational cohorts. Objectives: We hypothesized that
chronic arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead exposures elevate BP and that manganese
lowers BP. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of associations between …