Atomic Bose-Einstein condensation with three-body interactions and collective excitations

A Gammal, T Frederico, L Tomio… - Journal of Physics B …, 2000 - iopscience.iop.org
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 2000iopscience.iop.org
The stability of a Bose-Einstein condensed state of trapped ultra-cold atoms is investigated
under the assumption of an attractive two-body and a repulsive three-body interaction. The
Ginzburg-Pitaevskii-Gross (GPG) nonlinear Schrödinger equation is extended to include an
effective potential dependent on the square of the density and solved numerically for the s-
wave. The lowest collective mode excitations are determined and their dependences on the
number of atoms and on the strength of the three-body force are studied. The addition of …
Abstract
The stability of a Bose-Einstein condensed state of trapped ultra-cold atoms is investigated under the assumption of an attractive two-body and a repulsive three-body interaction. The Ginzburg-Pitaevskii-Gross (GPG) nonlinear Schrödinger equation is extended to include an effective potential dependent on the square of the density and solved numerically for the s-wave. The lowest collective mode excitations are determined and their dependences on the number of atoms and on the strength of the three-body force are studied. The addition of three-body dynamics can allow the number of condensed atoms to increase considerably, even when the strength of the three-body force is very small compared with the strength of the two-body force. We study in detail the first-order liquid-gas phase transition for the condensed state, which can happen in a critical range of the effective three-body force parameter.
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