Based on our experiments with positive effect of sodium fertilization in the cultivation of red beet, round roots of beet on yield increase and decrease in NO3-content in its plant biomass, the effect of sodium fertilization was also studied in relation to the content of red pigments, so called betanine or beetroot red. It consists of about 70 water soluble red, orange and yellow pigments that can be divided into a group of betacyanins (or betacyanines) that are red and that were previously called “nitrogenous anthocyanins” and into a group of betanxanthins that are yellow. The dominant betacyanin is betanidine 5-O-ß-D-glucoside, 15S-betanidine-5-O-ß-glucopyranoside, which is called betanine. It was determined that red beet fertilization at an increase in yield decreases the content of this significant natural pigment. It is also applicable to other betalains.