The development of better catalysts is a passionate topic at the forefront of modern science,
where operando techniques are necessary to identify the nature of the active sites. The
surface of a solid catalyst is dynamic and dependent on the reaction environment and,
therefore, the catalytic active sites may only be formed under specific reaction conditions
and may not be stable either in air or under high vacuum conditions. The identification of the
active sites and the understanding of their behaviour are essential information towards a …