Characteristics of pitching and plunging airfoils under dynamic-stall conditions

D Rival, C Tropea - Journal of Aircraft, 2010 - arc.aiaa.org
Journal of Aircraft, 2010arc.aiaa.org
ACCOMPANIED with an ever-growing interest in micro air vehicle (MAV) development
based on bioinspired flight (ie, combined lift and propulsion from flapping wings) lies the
challenging goal to scale down such vehicles to lower Reynolds numbers (Re< 50; 000)[1].
In such low-Reynolds-number regimes, one of the major limitations is the separation-prone
nature of the laminar boundary layer when faced with an adverse pressure gradient. Such a
fundamental limitation on an airfoil's aerodynamics at these Reynolds numbers was …
ACCOMPANIED with an ever-growing interest in micro air vehicle (MAV) development based on bioinspired flight (ie, combined lift and propulsion from flapping wings) lies the challenging goal to scale down such vehicles to lower Reynolds numbers (Re< 50; 000)[1]. In such low-Reynolds-number regimes, one of the major limitations is the separation-prone nature of the laminar boundary layer when faced with an adverse pressure gradient. Such a fundamental limitation on an airfoil’s aerodynamics at these Reynolds numbers was investigated by Mueller and Batill [2] on a laminar profile using force measurements and smoke visualization. Several more recent studies have examined the transition to turbulence and the position of a laminar separation bubble for low angles of incidence and at Re 60; 000 [3]. Performance has been found to drop quite dramatically for Re< 60; 000, where the transition and, therefore, reattachment occur even later, if at all. At such Reynolds numbers associated with cruise conditions, it is expected that lift must be generated through unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms such as dynamic stall [4], where the formation and delayed convection of a leading-edge vortex (LEV) over the downstroke can be very advantageous to lift production [5]. The importance of a spanwise flow for LEV stabilization has been the source of heated debates among biologists [6]. It is, however, not yet conclusive whether the spanwise flow found for largeflapping amplitudes is an absolute requirement to stabilize the LEV, thus the selection of a simpler two-dimensional case in the present study. As an example of this two-dimensional stabilization, Thomas et al.[7] demonstrated that dragonflies produce large quasi-two-dimensional LEVs over their downstroke in cruise-flight conditions. Based on these aforementioned investigations and the inspiration from natural flight, an initial examination of the wake structure for various reduced frequencies (0: 05< k< 0: 3) has been performed for the quasi-twodimensional case specifically, to determine the level of unsteadiness and potential augmentation in lift attainable through dynamic stall.
AIAA Aerospace Research Center
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