Materials and Methods: A total of 88 blood samples were drawn from buffaloes in the Ngawi
district, Indonesia. Animals infected with T. evansi were detected through the
microhematocrit technique and Giemsa blood smear methods. Positive blood samples were
used to inoculate in male mice (Mus musculus BALB-C strain) as an animal model for
culturing the T. evansi. The genomic DNA of the blood taken from the T. evansi-infected mice
was used for polymerase chain reaction amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic …

Abstract Background and Aim: Excessive use of trypanocidal drugs can lead to cases of
drug resistance. Multiple cases of resistance have been widely reported for drugs such as
isometamidium chloride and diminazene aceturate. These cases deserve serious attention,
especially in Indonesia, where the first case was recorded and where the molecular basis of
trypanocidal drug resistance has never been evaluated. This study aimed to analyze the
multidrug resistance protein (MRP) gene in Trypanosoma evansi isolates, sampled from …