… under authoritarianism, which challenges our current understanding of civil society in China
and … provoke more study of the implications of this new consultative authoritarianism model. …

… literature on civil society in China. In this literature, civil society is often equated with civil society
organizations… China remains an authoritarian one-party state under the leadership of the …

… Heilmann distinguishes the Chinese model of deliberate “experimentation under hierarchy”
from “spontaneous policy diffusion,” to explain the “emergence of an unexpectedly adaptive …

… This book examines how civil society actors operate under authoritarian constraints, and …
of civil society and explains the complexity of state–society relations in authoritarian contexts …

… book—Civil Society under Authoritarianism: The China Model—… of China’s emerging civil
society as well as state-society … on how local Chinese governments interact with civil society …

… authoritarianism, recognizing the value that civil society … in China is argued to be the result
of necessity as local officials are faced with tighter fiscal constraints and increased civil society …

… demonstrates well the rational learning process of Chinese local officials and the role …
Chinese civil society overlooked by other models. Moreover, while many authoritarian civil society …

… This paper examines the emergence of civil society in China under the authoritarian system
… an initial, traditional notion of civil society has altered in the context of China, as well as the …

… The estimates reveal that there might be thousands of such organizations and the question
has thus been raised if we witness a new kind of civil society emerging under authoritarian …