… the discussion below applies to all online markets, we identify a number … largest online
platforms. We see four main reasons for the differential treatment of these largest online platforms. …

… We consider that consumer protection law should also apply to markets in which services
are ostensibly provided for free, but where consumers pay in the form of data and attention. …

… systemic reviews of their consumer protection regimes to ensure they are fit for the challenges
we see in online markets. The failure to update consumer-protection law is concerning in …

… For an overview on competition law issues and digital platforms, see R Podszun and S …
and in administrative practice that consumer protection is part of market regulation, because …

… , consumer trade is no longer limited to online marketplaces … platforms have introduced their
own complete marketplaces (eg … under consumer protection law of online platforms allowing …

… digital platforms. Examples include the numerous privacy and security protection add-ons
available for all of the major Internet … in the markets, whereas the consumer protection laws are …

… The background report to the 2016 OECD Ministerial meeting on the digital economy rightly
… consumer law, the so-called ‘new deal’ requires more transparency on online marketplaces …

… market and thus makes informational power a key element. In choosing between antitrust and
consumer protection … information problem is market power or deception. It is informational …

… how the platform economy is challenging consumer law by … Part II will focus on the direct
effects of the platforms’ denial of … the effort that has gone into building a single digital market. …

… data and consumer protection offered by current market players. … platforms. Footnote 69 By
restricting the possibility of advertisers to move their campaigns to another advertising platform…