This study used data from the Veterans Affairs administrative and clinical dataset to evaluate determinants of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) use among patients with concomitant atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus and an antecedent primary care provider visit. The prevalence of GLP-1 RA use was 8.0%. In multivariable-adjusted models, White race, hypertension, obesity, higher hemoglobin A1c, ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, a higher number of primary care provider visits, and previous cardiology or endocrinology visits were directly associated with GLP-1 RA use. Older age, having a physician primary care provider, and receiving care at a teaching facility were inversely associated with GLP-1 RA use. Our data can help inform targeted interventions to promote equitable access to GLP-1 RA and incentivize the adoption of these disease-modifying agents in high-risk patient populations.