Human-black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflict is one of the major conservation and rural
livelihood issue in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Mitigation strategies of such conflicts
require a firm understanding of their underlying patterns. To understand these human-black
bear conflict patterns with special reference to crop raiding, present study was conducted
from April to December 2011 in Machiara National Park (MNP), Azad Jammu and Kashmir,
Pakistan. Field (n= 30) and questionnaires (n= 108) surveys were conducted in three union …

Human–black bear (Ursus thibetanus) conflict is one of the major conservation and rural
livelihood issue in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Mitigation strategies of such conflicts
require a firm understanding of their underlying patterns. To understand these human-black
bear conflict patterns with special reference to crop raiding, present study was conducted
from April to December 2011 in Machiara National Park (MNP), Azad Jammu and Kashmir,
Pakistan. Field (n= 30) and questionnaires (n= 108) surveys were conducted in three union …