Cropping system effects on NO3–N loss with subsurface drainage water

A Bakhsh, RS Kanwar, TB Bailey… - Transactions of the …, 2002 - elibrary.asabe.org
A Bakhsh, RS Kanwar, TB Bailey, CA Cambardella, DL Karlen, TS Colvin
Transactions of the ASAE, 2002elibrary.asabe.org
An appropriate combination of tillage and nitrogen management practices will be necessary
to developsustainable farming practices. A sixyear (19931998) field study was conducted on
subsurfacedrainedClydeKenyonFloyd soils to quantify the impact of two tillage systems
(chisel plow vs. no tillage) and two N fertilizermanagement practices (preplant single
application vs. latespring soil test based application) on nitratenitrogen (NO3N) leaching
loss with subsurface drain discharge from corn (Zea mays L.) soybean (Glycine max L.) …
An appropriate combination of tillage and nitrogen management practices will be necessary to developsustainable farming practices. A sixyear (19931998) field study was conducted on subsurfacedrainedClydeKenyonFloyd soils to quantify the impact of two tillage systems (chisel plow vs. no tillage) and two N fertilizermanagement practices (preplant single application vs. latespring soil test based application) on nitratenitrogen (NO3N)leaching loss with subsurface drain discharge from corn (Zea mays L.) soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation plots. Preplantinjected urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) fertilizer was applied at the rate of 110 kg ha1 to chisel plow and notillcorn plots, while the latespring N application rate averaged 179 and 156 kg ha1 for the notill and chisel plow corn plots,respectively. Data on subsurface drainage flow volume, NO3N concentrations in subsurface drainage water, NO3N losswith subsurface drainage flow, and crop yield were collected and analyzed using a randomized complete block design.Differences in subsurface drainage flow volume due to annual variations in rainfall significantly (P = 0.05) affected theNO3N loss with subsurface drainage flows. High correlation (R2 = 0.89) between annual subsurface drainage flow volumeand the annual NO3N leaching loss with subsurface drainage water was observed. The flowweighted average annualNO3N concentrations varied from a low of 6.8 mg L1 in 1994 to a high of 13.9 mg L1 in 1996. Results of this study indicatedthat NO3N losses from the chisel plow plots were 16% (16 vs. 19 kgN ha1) lower in comparison with notill plots, whilecorn grain yield was 11% higher in the chisel plow plots (8.3 vs. 7.5 Mg ha1). Latespring N application applied as a sidedressresulted in 25% lower NO3N leaching losses with subsurface drainage water in comparison with preplant single Napplication and also significantly (P = 0.5) higher corn grain yield by 13% (8.4 vs. 7.4 Mg ha1). These results clearlydemonstrate that chisel plow tillage with latespring soil test based N application for corn after soybean can be a sustainablefarming practice for the northeast part of Iowa.
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