Abstract Drawing upon the Moral Foundation Theory (MFT), the current research investigated moral foundations and their associations with political orientation across two different cultural student samples: China and US Data from a cross-sectional survey (N= 438) supported the cross-culture validity of the MFT and its value in explaining political orientation across countries. Even though the moral foundations predicted political orientation differently in each sample, an overall pattern emerged: More conservative political orientation was predicted by binding moral foundations (Authority, Ingroup, Purity) whereas more liberal political orientation was predicted by individualizing domains (Harm, Fairness). As for the influence of culture on moral concerns, a distinct pattern emerged for both of our samples. Implications for the prediction of political orientation in individualistic and collectivistic cultures are discussed in detail.