Nano-sized ceramic particles are beneficial for the properties of 3D printed structures via digital light processing (DLP). However, achieving optimal conditions for the preparation and processing of ceramic nanoparticle-based slurry is a significant challenge. In this work, a stable and well dispersed slurry with nano-sized biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) powders was developed and porous BCP bioceramic scaffolds with good bioactivity were accurately fabricated via the DLP additive manufacturing technology. Effects of dispersant, photoinitiator and solid loading on rheological properties and curing abilities of BCP slurries were systematically studied. The slurry having 65 wt % of nano-sized BCP powders showed a relatively low viscosity of 400 mPa s at the 50 s⁻¹ shear rate. It was found that the optimal photoinitiator concentration was tightly associated with the energy dosage in DLP. Furthermore, the effects of sintering temperature (1100 °C, 1200 °C and 1300 °C) on the surface morphology, shrinkage, phase constitution, hardness, compressive properties, and in vitro biological performance of DLP-formed bioceramics were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that DLP-formed BCP ceramics sintered at 1300 °C had the best mechanical properties, in vitro cytocompatibility, and homogeneous bone-like apatite formation ability. Finally, DLP-formed 3D scaffolds with different pore sizes ranging from 300 μm to 1 mm were successfully fabricated, which exhibited high fidelity and accuracy. The current study has demonstrated the great potential of using DLP technology to construct functional complex BCP bioceramic scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.