The work is a review of the climatic effect on food security on developing nation with focus on Nigeria. Climate change could potentially interrupt progress toward a world without hunger. A robust and coherent global pattern is discernible of the impacts of climate change on crop productivity that could have consequences for food availability. Principally effect have been identified to include: reduction of agricultural production, changes in the suitability of land for crop production, changes in precipitation patterns, and increase in temperature could lead to longer growing seasons, CO2 fertilization could increase yields for those crops with the physiology to benefit from CO2 enrichment, increased irrigation, planting and harvesting changes, decreased arability, more pest, risk to fisheries, under nutrition (inadequate dietary intake and reduce calorie intake), increase aflatoxin contamination, increased pathogenicity of organisms (by environmental induced mutation), etc. A step change is needed in efforts to create a'climate-smart food system'that can better withstand whatever climate throws at us. This should include development of drought-and heat-tolerant crops or new tillage techniques that reduce release of carbon from soils, but we need to go further and ensure trade, investment and development policies all have'climate-smart'food as a central goal.