This study was carried out to compare the bacterial leakage of MTA used as a root-end filling material when it was kept in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or normal saline. In this study, 72 freshly extracted teeth were used. The roots were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 15 each (groups I and II gutta-percha obturation+ MTA, groups III and IV only MTA) and two positive and negative control groups of six each. The samples in groups I and III were kept in normal saline for 1 month while the samples in groups II and IV were kept in PBS.