Effect of right parietal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor skill learning and visuospatial performance

P Wang, A Hooyman, S Schaefer - 2021 - osf.io
2021osf.io
Is motor skill learning modifiable? Previous studies have attempted to use transcranial direct
current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance learning, but with mixed results (Buch et al., 2017).
The overwhelming majority of these studies targeted the motor cortex or the cerebellum. This
project, however, innovates in testing whether anodal tDCS applied to the right parietal lobe
(P4) will modulate visuospatial ability and motor skill acquisition. This aim is stemmed from
our previous findings that the extent of motor skill learning is related to visuospatial ability …
Is motor skill learning modifiable? Previous studies have attempted to use transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance learning, but with mixed results (Buch et al., 2017). The overwhelming majority of these studies targeted the motor cortex or the cerebellum. This project, however, innovates in testing whether anodal tDCS applied to the right parietal lobe (P4) will modulate visuospatial ability and motor skill acquisition. This aim is stemmed from our previous findings that the extent of motor skill learning is related to visuospatial ability such that better visuospatial scores correlate with more retention (Lingo VanGilder, Hengge, Duff, & Schaefer, 2018; Lingo VanGilder, Lohse, Duff, Wang, & Schaefer, 2021; Wang, Infurna, & Schaefer, 2019), as well as neuroimaging findings that common frontoparietal neural structure underlie both motor learning and visuospatial processes (Brandes-Aitken et al., 2019; Steele, Scholz, Douaud, Johansen-Berg, & Penhune, 2012). Right parietal lobe is selected as the stimulation cite because neuropsychological findings have shown that many visuospatial processes are specialized to the right parietal cortex (Corbetta, Kincade, Ollinger, McAvoy, & Shulman, 2000; Foxe, McCourt, & Javitt, 2003). Mixed-results in tDCS research could also be a result of high response variability to tDCS (Vannorsdall et al., 2016). However, explanations to such variabilities have largely ignored differences in the strength of placebo effect experienced by individuals. The expectation of (and susceptibility to) perceptions of tDCS could induce placebo effects comparable to true treatment effects (Moseley et al., 2002). New evidence suggests that expectations can alter treatment outcomes of tDCS (Rabipour, Wu, Davidson, & Iacoboni, 2018; Ray et al., 2019). Moreover, motor performance has been suggested to be manipulated through expectations and verbal suggestions alone (Fiorio, 2018). These rationales prompted us to add a no-tDCS control group to the study design, to account for any confounding placebo effects (L. Colloca & Barsky, 2020). Thus, the primary objective of this project is to test whether anodal tDCS applied to the right parietal lobe (P4 cite, International 10-20 system) will modulate visuospatial ability and motor skill acquisition, while accounting for potential confounds from placebo effects. The secondary objective is to examine how tDCS expectations associated with parietal tDCS affect motor learning and visuospatial performance.
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