Drinking water treatment residues (WTR) offer potential benefits when recycled through land
application. The current guidance in Florida, US allows for unrestricted land application of
lime softening WTR; alum and ferric WTR require additional evaluation of total and
leachable concentrations of select trace metals prior to land application. In some cases a
mixed WTR is produced when lime softening is accompanied by the addition of a coagulant
or other treatment chemical; applicability of the current guidance is unclear. The objective of …

Coagulants such as lime, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and aluminum sulfate are frequently
employed by water treatment utilities for surface water treatment with a goal of removing,
among other things, the organic chemicals responsible for color. As a result, large quantities
of a residual sludge are produced and proper management of this sludge is needed.
Depending on factors such as applicable waste management regulations, available markets
for beneficial use, and economics, water treatment residuals (WTR) are most commonly …