Effects of anger awareness and expression training versus relaxation training on headaches: A randomized trial
O Slavin-Spenny, MA Lumley, ER Thakur… - Annals of Behavioral …, 2013 - academic.oup.com
Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2013•academic.oup.com
Abstract Background and Purpose Stress contributes to headaches, and effective
interventions for headaches routinely include relaxation training (RT) to directly reduce
negative emotions and arousal. Yet, suppressing negative emotions, particularly anger,
appears to augment pain, and experimental studies suggest that expressing anger may
reduce pain. Therefore, we developed and tested anger awareness and expression training
(AAET) on people with headaches. Methods Young adults with headaches (N= 147) were …
interventions for headaches routinely include relaxation training (RT) to directly reduce
negative emotions and arousal. Yet, suppressing negative emotions, particularly anger,
appears to augment pain, and experimental studies suggest that expressing anger may
reduce pain. Therefore, we developed and tested anger awareness and expression training
(AAET) on people with headaches. Methods Young adults with headaches (N= 147) were …
Background and Purpose
Stress contributes to headaches, and effective interventions for headaches routinely include relaxation training (RT) to directly reduce negative emotions and arousal. Yet, suppressing negative emotions, particularly anger, appears to augment pain, and experimental studies suggest that expressing anger may reduce pain. Therefore, we developed and tested anger awareness and expression training (AAET) on people with headaches.
Methods
Young adults with headaches (N = 147) were randomized to AAET, RT, or a wait-list control. We assessed affect during sessions, and process and outcome variables at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment.
Results
On process measures, both interventions increased self-efficacy to manage headaches, but only AAET reduced alexithymia and increased emotional processing and assertiveness. Yet, both interventions were equally effective at improving headache outcomes relative to controls.
Conclusions
Enhancing anger awareness and expression may improve chronic headaches, although not more than RT. Researchers should study which patients are most likely to benefit from an emotional expression or emotional reduction approach to chronic pain.
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