Abstract purpose: Our objectives were to assess whether plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY)
levels are elevated in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and whether or not NPY
levels can serve as a reliable indicator of sympathetic activity in CHF. patients and methods:
Plasma levels of the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine and of
the sympathetic co-transmitter NPY were measured in 17 patients with CHF and 14 healthy
control subjects at rest and after maximal exercise. results: Under resting conditions, plasma …