Emotional distress is common in both survivors and their informal caregivers following admission to a neuroscience intensive care unit (Neuro-ICU) and can negatively affect their individual recovery and quality of life. Neuro-ICU survivor–caregiver dyads can influence each other’s emotional distress over time, but whether such influence emerges during dyadic treatment remains unknown. The present study involved secondary data analysis of Neuro-ICU dyads enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of a dyadic resiliency intervention, Recovering Together (RT), versus a health education attention placebo control to test dyadic similarities in emotional distress before and after treatment. Data were collected from 58 dyads following Neuro-ICU admission. Emotional distress (depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress) was assessed at baseline, 6 weeks (postintervention), and 12 weeks later. Nonindependence within survivor–caregiver dyads was examined (ie, correlations between cross-sectional symptoms and changes in symptoms over time); mutual influence of emotional functioning over time (ie,“partner effects”) was examined using cross-lagged path analyses. There were strong, positive cross-sectional correlations between survivor and caregiver distress at postintervention and follow-up and between changes in survivor and caregiver distress from baseline to postintervention and postintervention to follow-up. There were no partner effects. Neuro-ICU survivors and their informal caregivers show similar changes in emotional distress after treatment. These findings highlight the potential benefits of intervening on both survivor and caregiver distress following Neuro-ICU admission.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)